The former CEO of BPA Joan Pau Miquel filed a complaint on Spain’s Audiencia Nacional (National Court) against former Minister of the Interior Jorge Fernández Díaz, deputy Minister Francisco Martínez and José Manuel Villarejo for alleged extortion, coercion, and blackmail.

The complaint is based on the actions taken by members of the Spanish Patriotic Police to obtain secret banking information protected by Andorran law on several Catalan leaders and their families, as part of Operation Catalonia.

The Congress of Deputies – Spain’s legislature – approved the launch of an inquiry to investigate the actions taken by former Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy’s government as part of the wider Operation Catalonia. The investigation’s remit will include “possible links with FinCEN and other international organisations that could have prompted interventions of banking entities.”

Higini Cierco, the former majority shareholder of Banca Privada d’Andorra (BPA), has filed a criminal complaint in the Andorran Tribunal De Corts – Court of First Instance – against the Head of Government of Andorra Xavier Espot Zamora for “fraud, influence peddling and waste of public funds.

The Bridge Tank releases its report - ‘The Case for Increased Financial Cooperation in Europe – The EU and the Micro-States’ - describing Andorra as a “severe threat to the rule of law in Europe”. The report added that BPA's takeover reflects "the weakness of the rule of law in Andorra" where investors "have little to protect them from unjust political interference."